Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation occurs when an excess of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color, is produced in certain spots, leading to patches or darker skin tone. Sun exposure, hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy or due to hormonal imbalances), skin trauma (like acne scars or injuries), inflammation, certain medications, and genetics can all be causes of hyperpigmentation.   The most common types of hyperpigmentation include melasma, sun spots (solar lentigines), post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and freckles. Treatment options include topical creams containing ingredients like hydroquinone, retinoids, kojic acid, and vitamin C, which help lighten dark spots. Procedures such as chemical peels, microdermabrasion, laser therapy, and intense pulsed light (IPL) treatments can also be effective for more stubborn pigmentation.   Preventing hyperpigmentation involves:

• Using broad-spectrum sunscreen daily to protect the skin from UV rays.
• Wear protective clothing and hats.
• Avoiding prolonged sun exposure.
• Using gentle skincare products.
• Addressing inflammation and skin trauma promptly.